{"id":5687,"date":"2024-07-29T09:27:37","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T07:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/2024\/07\/29\/results_trial\/"},"modified":"2024-11-17T15:16:21","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T14:16:21","slug":"expletives_weather","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/2024\/07\/29\/expletives_weather\/","title":{"rendered":"Let (it) snow:\u00a0expletives with weather verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_medium\" id=\"projects\"><div class=\"l-section-overlay\" style=\"background:#f5f5f5\"><\/div><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_5-1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><h2 class=\"w-text us_custom_3246a943 has_text_color\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">Let (it) snow<\/span><\/span><\/h2><h5 class=\"w-text us_custom_4048c33e has_text_color\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">Expletives with weather verbs in Trentino and Venetan dialects<\/span><\/span><\/h5><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-image align_none\"><div class=\"w-image-h\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/06-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/06-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/06-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/06-scaled.jpg 2040w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_medium\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>In the area of syntax, there are many notable differences between standard Italian and the Italo-Romance dialects. In this section we will look at how weather verbs are formed in the dialects spoken in the region of Veneto and the autonomous province of Trento, based on the article by <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/languages8010044\">Tomaselli &amp; Bidese<\/a> (2023). To say \u2018it has snowed\u2019 in Italian, one would say <em>ha\/\u00e8 nevicato<\/em>. However, in the dialects spoken in Trento (as well as in some Venetan varieties), you would have to add in the clitic pronoun <em>el or l\u2019\u00a0<\/em>(known as either expletive or impersonal subject pronoun) to form a grammatical sentence. So instead of standard Italian &#8216;<em>ha\/\u00e8 nevicato<\/em>&#8216; (has\/is snowed), in many dialects you might find something like &#8216;<em><span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong>L<\/strong><\/span>&#8216;a neveg\u00e0<\/em>&#8216; (<span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong>it<\/strong><\/span> has snowed). Audio files collected in the AlpiLinK and VinKo projects, confirm this: listen to the sentences in (1) for two examples from the province of Trento.<\/p>\n<p>(1)<em><span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong> L<\/strong><\/span>&#8216;a fioc\u00e0 <\/em>(it has snowed)\u00a0\/<em>a le aute<span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong> l<\/strong><\/span>&#8216;a floc\u00e0 e a le basse<span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong> l<\/strong><\/span>&#8216;a plovu <\/em>(up in the mountain it has snowed and down in the valley it has rained)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1118\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/S0136_tre_U0409.flac'>S0136_tre_U0409<\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_tre_U0056.flac'>T03_tre_U0056<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":true,\"images\":true,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/S0136_tre_U0409.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"S0136_tre_U0409\",\"caption\":\"S0136_tre_U0409\",\"description\":\"Lavis\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:02\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_tre_U0056.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"T03_tre_U0056\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"T03_tre_U0056\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:06\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>The use of the expletive with a weather verb is however much more common in the Trentino dialects than in the Venetan dialects. In the Trentino dialects 85,7% of speakers produces the impersonal subject, whereas this form is only found in the provinces of Verona and Vicenza (respectively 29,9% and 20%), but not in Padova or Venezia (Tomaselli &amp; Bidese 2023:12). With the additional data from AlpiLinK, we can find attestations from other provinces within Veneto as well, like for example from the province of Treviso (2.3, Cavaso del Tomba).<\/p>\n<p>(2) <em><span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong>L<\/strong><\/span>\u2019a neveg\u00e0 <\/em>(it has snowed)<em>\u00a0\/ in alto in montagna <strong><span style=\"color: #417a99\">l<\/span><\/strong>&#8216;a nevic\u00e0 e in basso <strong><span style=\"color: #417a99\">l<\/span><\/strong>&#8216;a piovuo \/ su in montagna <strong><span style=\"color: #417a99\">l&#8217;<\/span><\/strong>a neveg\u00e0 e giu in fondo <strong><span style=\"color: #417a99\">l<\/span><\/strong>&#8216;a piovest <\/em>(up in the mountain it has snowed and down in the valley it has rained)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1118\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/S0136_vec_U0420.flac'>S0136_vec_U0420<\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_vec_U0093.flac'>T03_vec_U0093<\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_vec_U1039.flac'>T03_vec_U1039<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":true,\"images\":true,\"artists\":true,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/S0136_vec_U0420.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"S0136_vec_U0420\",\"caption\":\"L\\u2019a neveg\\u00e0. (Verona (VR), S0136_vec_U0420, Rabanus et al. 2022)\",\"description\":\"\\\"S0136_vec_U0420\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:02\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_vec_U0093.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"T03_vec_U0093\",\"caption\":\"(Grezzana (VR), T03_vec_U0093, Rabanus et al. 2024)\",\"description\":\"\\\"T03_vec_U0093\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:06\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_vec_U1039.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"T03_vec_U1039\",\"caption\":\"(Cavaso del Tomba (TV), T03_vec_U1039, Rabanus et al. 2024)\",\"description\":\"\\\"T03_vec_U1039\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:05\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>It has been proposed that contact with German and a superficial resemblance of the pattern might have played a role in preserving these expletives in the Trentino dialects (Tomaselli &amp; Bidese 2023:16). The use of this so-called expletive with weather verbs is common in languages such as English (<em><u>it<\/u>\u00a0has snowed<\/em>), standard German (<em><u>es<\/u>\u00a0hat geschneit<\/em>) and also in the Germanic varieties historically spoken in Trento and the Veneto. The expletive <span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong>z<\/strong><\/span> is found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/cimbro\/\">Cimbrian<\/a> varieties spoken in Lus\u00e8rn (TN) and Letjzan\/Giazza (VR), illustrated in example (3).<\/p>\n<p>(3) <span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong><em>z<\/em><\/strong><\/span> <em>hatt gesnibet <\/em>(it has snowed)\u00a0\/ <em>au hoach affn perge hat<span style=\"color: #417a99\"><strong>z<\/strong><\/span> gesnibet un ledr\u00e5 hat<strong><span style=\"color: #417a99\">z<\/span><\/strong> gerenk <\/em>\/ <span data-sheets-root=\"1\"><em>au tze perge hat<strong><span style=\"color: #417a99\">z<\/span><\/strong> gasnaibat un nidar hat<strong><span style=\"color: #417a99\">z<\/span><\/strong> garegat<\/em> (up in the mountain it has snowed and down in the valley it has rained)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1118\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/S0136_cim_U0620.flac'>S0136_cim_U0620<\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_cim_U0008.flac'>T03_cim_U0008<\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_cim_U0181.flac'>T03_cim_U0181<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":true,\"images\":true,\"artists\":true,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/S0136_cim_U0620.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"S0136_cim_U0620\",\"caption\":\"z hatt gesnibet (S0136_cim_U0620, Lus\\u00e9rn (TN), Rabanus et al. 2023)\",\"description\":\"\\\"S0136_cim_U0620\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:03\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_cim_U0008.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"T03_cim_U0008\",\"caption\":\"au hoach affn perge hatz gesnibet un ledr\\u00e5 hatz gerenk (T03_cim_U0008, Lus\\u00e9rn (TN), Rabanus et al. 2024)\",\"description\":\"\\\"T03_cim_U0008\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:08\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/T03_cim_U0181.flac\",\"type\":\"audio\/flac\",\"title\":\"T03_cim_U0181\",\"caption\":\"au tze perge hatz gasnaibat un nidar hatz garegat (T03_cim_U0181, Letjzan\/Giazza (VR), Rabanus et al. 2024)\",\"description\":\"\\\"T03_cim_U0181\\\".\",\"meta\":{\"length_formatted\":\"0:10\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/audio.svg\",\"width\":48,\"height\":64}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><em>References<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rabanus, Stefan, Anne Kruijt, Marta Tagliani, Alessandra Tomaselli, Andrea Padovan, Birgit Alber, Patrizia Cordin, Roberto Zamparelli &amp; Barbara Maria Vogt (2022): <a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12124\/46\">VinKo (Varieties in Contact) Corpus v1.1<\/a>.\u00a0Bolzano-Bozen: ERCC.<\/li>\n<li>Rabanus, Stefan, Anne Kruijt, Birgit Alber, Ermenegildo Bidese, Livio Gaeta, and Gianmario Raimondi. 2024. <em>AlpiLinK Corpus 1.1.2<\/em>. In collaboration with Paolo Benedetto Mas, Sabrina Bertollo, Angelica Bonelli, Jan Casalicchio, Raffaele Cioffi, Patrizia Cordin, Silvia Dal Negro, Alexander Gl\u00fcck, Joachim Kokkelmans, Adriano Murelli, Andrea Padovan, Aline Pons, Matteo Rivoira, Marta Tagliani, Caterina Saracco, Alessandra Tomaselli, Ruth Videsott, Alessandro Vietti &amp; Barbara Vogt. DOI:10.5281\/zenodo.11352290.<\/li>\n<li>Tomaselli, Alessandra &amp;amp; Ermenegildo Bidese (2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2226-471X\/8\/1\/44\">Fortune and decay of lexical expletives in Germanic and Romance along the Adige River<\/a>. <em>Languages<\/em> 8(1), 44.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note: Thanks to R. Ferracin for the Cimbrian transcriptions in examples (3.2) and (3.3).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Let (it) snowExpletives with weather verbs in Trentino and Venetan dialectsIn the area of syntax, there are many notable differences between standard Italian and the Italo-Romance dialects. In this section we will look at how weather verbs are formed in the dialects spoken in the region of Veneto and the autonomous province of Trento, based...","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":6497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-results-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5687"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6502,"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5687\/revisions\/6502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}