{"id":756,"date":"2023-03-17T15:05:41","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T14:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.dlls.univr.it\/alpilink\/dialetti-trentini\/"},"modified":"2025-10-09T15:23:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T13:23:18","slug":"trentino","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/trentino\/","title":{"rendered":"Trentino"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Trentino<\/span><\/span><\/h2>

The dialects spoken in the province of Trento are of Romance origin. Its varieties are Venetan<\/a> in the eastern part of the province and Lombard<\/a> in the Western part; the central area has mixed characteristics; in the lower Adige Valley there is a transition dialect between the central Trentino and the Verona variety.<\/p>\n

Typically Lombard linguistic features are the deletion of all vowels at the end of the word except for a<\/em> (e.g. \u00f2s<\/em> for Italian osso<\/em> ‘bone’), the presence of so-called “vocali turbate”, i.e., vowels resembling the German \u00fc<\/em> and \u00f6<\/em> (e.g. in l\u00fcna<\/em> for luna<\/em> ‘moon’), and the palatalization of the plural of names and adjectives ending in -t<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Venetan features are the preservation of unstressed final vowels other than a<\/em> (oso<\/em> for osso<\/em> ‘bone’) and the absence of “vocali turbate”. In the valleys of Non, Sole, Ledro Superior and Rendena there are so-called “alpine” (or semi-Ladin) linguistic features such as the palatalization of Latin ca<\/em> and ga<\/em> (ciasa<\/em> for casa <\/em>‘home’).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

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In the area of syntax, there are also notable differences between Italian and the Trentino dialects. For example, to say \u2018it has snowed\u2019 in Italian, one would say ha\/\u00e8 nevicato<\/em>. However, in Trentino (as in some Venetan varieties), you would have to add in the clitic pronoun el or l’ <\/em>(known as either expletive or impersonal subject) to form a grammatical sentence, as can be heard in two examples.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L<\/u>\u2019a fioc\u00e0<\/em> (Lavis, S0136_tre_U0409, Rabanus et al. 2022)
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L<\/u>\u2019a neveg\u00e0<\/em> (Trento, S0136_tre_U0451, Rabanus et al. 2022)\u00a0<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The use of this so-called expletive with weather verbs is common in languages such as English (it<\/u> has snowed<\/em>), standard German (es<\/u> hat geschneit<\/em>) and also in the local Germanic varieties, like Cimbrian<\/a> (z<\/u> hatt gesnibet<\/em>; S0136_cim_U0620, Rabanus et al. 2022), and it has been proposed that contact with German and a superficial resemblance of the pattern might have played a role in preserving these expletives in the Trentino dialects (Tomaselli & Bidese 2023).<\/p>\n

The dialects are still widely used, especially in the valleys. ISTAT data for 2015 show that, in the family, 30% of speakers mainly use dialect and 24.8% use both dialect and Italian. There are few texts written in the dialect before the 19th century: the first document is the Statuto dei Battuti della citt\u00e0 di Trento<\/em> (14th century). In the 19th and 20th centuries the dialect was used for poetic and theatre texts. Giovan Battista Azzolini’s first dialect dictionary is from 1856.<\/p>\n

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References<\/em><\/p>\n