{"id":1834,"date":"2023-04-21T16:34:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T14:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.dlls.univr.it\/alpilink\/vinko-2\/"},"modified":"2025-10-09T15:47:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T13:47:47","slug":"vinko","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/alpilink.it\/en\/vinko\/","title":{"rendered":"VinKo"},"content":{"rendered":"
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VinKo<\/span><\/span><\/h2>
Varieties in Contact\/Variet\u00e0 in Contatto\/Variet\u00e4ten im Kontakt<\/span><\/span><\/h5><\/div><\/div>
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The acronym VinKo<\/strong> stands for Varieties in Contact, <\/em>the research project from the Universities of Verona, Trento and Bolzano-Bozen (2018-2022), which laid the foundation for the AlpiLink project. VinKo featured a research infrastructure with the purpose of documenting and analyzing dialects and minority languages in northeastern Italy (regions of Trentino-South Tyrol and Veneto). The varieties in contact were the Tyrolean dialects<\/a> and the German minority languages M\u00f2cheno<\/a>, Cimbrian<\/a>, Saurano<\/a> and Sappadino<\/a> on the one hand and the Venetan<\/a> or Veneto-Lombard<\/a> and Ladin<\/a> varieties on the other. The infrastructure included an Internet platform for the collection and representation of linguistic data<\/strong><\/span>, a repository<\/span> <\/strong>for the permanent preservation of data, and various public outreach initiatives, e.g. a project with Venetan secondary schools called VinKiamo<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

The goal of VinKo was to enable comparisons of German and Italian language structures; systematic geolinguistic analyses of variation are available so far on the morphology of articles and pronouns (Kruijt 2022), on subject expletives in weather verbs (Tomaselli & Bidese 2023), and on the expletive article in personal names (Rabanus 2023). For example, for research into the use of a definite article with a personal name (e.g. the <\/u>John<\/em>, the<\/u> Mary<\/em>, instead of John<\/em> and Mary),<\/em> the following sentence may be used: In diesem Saal ist Maria die sch\u00f6nste\/In questa stanza Maria \u00e8 la pi\u00f9 bella<\/em> (S0015).<\/em><\/p>\n

The Tyrolean dialect of V\u00f6ls am Schlern translates this sentence as In dem Saal isch die<\/u> Maria die schianschte<\/em>.<\/p>\nhttps:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/S0015_tir_U0372.flac<\/a><\/audio>\n

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In the Venetan dialect of Grezzana in the province of Verona this is translated as: In questo locale la<\/u> Maria l’\u00e8 la pi\u00f9 bela<\/em>.<\/p>\nhttps:\/\/alpilink.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/S0015_vec_U0556.flac<\/a><\/audio>\n

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Rabanus (2023) can show with the VinKo data that in the province of Trento, personal names have expletive articles in about 74% of the cases, in the region of Veneto only in about 22% of the cases. Thus, interestingly, the border between the provinces of Trento and Verona is more relevant for the use of the expletive article than the border between the provinces of Trento and Bolzano (expletive articles in about 90% of the cases), which corresponds to the German-Italian language border. A more detailed description of the results of this investigation can be found in the “Results<\/a>” section, here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Data collection via crowdsourcing<\/span><\/span><\/h3>

VinKo’s data collection was done by crowdsourcing via the multilingual (German-Italian-English) Internet platform vinko.it<\/em>, where participants could provide linguistic data by recording audio responses to the online linguistic questionnaire. The linguistic questionnaire had three specific tasks; the pronunciation of dialect words, translation of sentences from standard (German or Italian) to dialect or minority language, some presented in isolation and some embedded in picture stories, and free speech production by completing stimulus sentences related to the content of the picture stories (for details of data collection, see Kruijt, Cordin & Rabanus, 2023). In total, 189.679 <\/span>audio recordings<\/span> <\/strong>of sentences or single words produced by 1.439 informants<\/strong><\/span> from 387 different locations<\/span><\/strong> have been collected. Collaboration between the local linguistic communities, the general public and the research team is a vital part of the crowdsourcing methodology. For the language communities, the project was intended to help increase their own linguistic-cultural self-awareness by documenting dialects and minority languages as intangible cultural heritage in the digital space. For the general public, an open access map provided a way to discover local linguistic diversity and gain an awareness and appreciating of the intangible cultural heritage of the Triveneto area. The map in its original form (as represented here on the right) is not online anymore. However, all data of the VinKo map has been transferred to the map on this AlpiLinK website in the “Listen and Explore<\/a>” section, hence, all audio recordings remain geographically accessible.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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VinKo map (not online anymore)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

FAIR research data: repository<\/span><\/span><\/h3>

For the research community, the data has been archived in the VinKo Corpus<\/em> (Rabanus et al. 2023; handle: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12124\/74<\/a>) which is an open access repository (license: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 International), aiming to adhere as much as possible to the FAIR data principles<\/a>. The data has been reorganized and archived in this external database, independently from the university, in order to ensure long-term preservation and accessibility of the material even after the end of the project. The repository is stored at the Eurac Research Clarin Centre (ERCC), based in Bolzano-Bozen (South Tyrol). As part of the European CLARIN<\/a> infrastructure, the centre adheres to well-defined international standards for data curation.<\/p>\n

This means that the examples cited above can be directly tied to the audio data using their respective ID’s S0015_tir_U0372<\/strong><\/span> (V\u00f6ls am Schlern) and S0015_vec_U0556<\/span><\/strong> (Grezzana). For the logic of the designations and for finding the sound recordings in the repository, see Kruijt, Rabanus & Tagliani (2023, pp. 212-214). In total, the VinKo Corpus<\/em> contains 12,511 audio files for Trentino dialects, 502 for M\u00f2cheno, 683 for Cimbrian, 7,133 for the various Ladin varieties (Badiot Ladin, Gardenese Ladin, Fassan Ladin, Fodom Ladin, Anpezan Ladin), 158 for Sappadino, 268 for Saurano, 20,659 for Tyrolean dialects and 147,765 for Venetan dialects which account for more than 3\/4 of the entire corpus of 189,679 audio files.<\/p>\n

In the context of VinKo also the data collected in the traditional fieldwork of the AThEME<\/strong> project – in which the first prototype of VinKo has been developed (cfr. Cordin et al. 2019) – have been made accessible in a repository. The AThEME Verona-Trento Corpus<\/em> (Tomaselli et al. 2022; handle http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12124\/53<\/a>) has exactly the structure of the VinKo Corpus<\/em>, hence, it allows the retrieval, analysis and citation of the data in exactly the way as described for the VinKo Corpus<\/em>. For an exemplification of the usage and a comparison of the validity of the data collected in traditional fieldwork and via crowdsourcing see Kruijt, Cordin & Rabanus (2023).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>

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References<\/span><\/span><\/p>